Chemical disinfectants


Ethanol and isopropanol are the main alcohols used as disinfectants for a broad spectrum of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The biocidal activity of these alcohols is dependent on their concentration and hydroaffinity. The optimal concentration for antimicrobial activity is at 60–80% of alcohol where ethanol is superior to isopropanol against hydrophilic viruses, such as rotavirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and coronaviruses, while isopropanol is more active against lipophilic viruses, such poliovirus and hepatitis A virus (HAV)


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